This building is a national monument. In the Japanese occupation era, it was the "Tainan State Hall", built by Moriyama Matsunosuke, the architect who also designed Taiwan Governor's Office (Currently, Presidential Hall in Taipei). Some part of the hall was also used as the Police Office.
After the Nationalist Government retreated to Taiwan, this place was given to the army as the "Air Force Supply Command"; later it became the Tainan Municipal Government Office. Renovation of the hall began in 1998. The Association of Taiwanese Literature was established on October 17, 2003, to commemorate Taiwanese literary pioneer, Jiang Wei-Shui, and other intellectuals.
In 2007, it was officially named "National Museum of Taiwan Literature." The museum has rich collections of manuscripts, literary journals and books written by Taiwanese writers. It is currently the center of Taiwanese literature research.
The permanent exhibition in the museum presents Taiwan's diverse literary features. In addition, it also holds talks and events related to literature. The rear wing of the building is a preservation center of cultural assets, which also provides venues for cultural exhibitions and conferences.